How to Mine Information from Each Instance to Extract an Abbreviated and Credibl

Decision trees are particularly promising in symbolic representation and reasoning due to their comprehensible nature, which resembles the hierarchical process of human decision making. However, their drawbacks, caused by the single-tree structure, cannot be ignored. A rigid decision path may cause the majority class to overwhelm other class when dealing with imbalanced data sets, and pruning removes not only superfluous nodes, but also subtrees. The proposed learning algorithm, flexible hybrid decision forest (FHDF), mines information implicated in each instance to form logical rules on the basis of a chain rule of local mutual information, then forms different decision tree structures and decision forests later. The most credible decision path from the decision forest can be selected to make a prediction. Furthermore, functional dependencies (FDs), which are extracted from the whole data set based on association rule analysis, perform embeddedattribute selection to remove nodes rather than subtrees, thus helping to achieve different levels of knowledge representation and improve model comprehension in the framework of semi-supervised learning. Naive Bayes replaces the leaf nodes at the bottom of the tree hierarchy, where the conditional independence assumption may hold. This techniquereduces the potential for overfitting and overtraining and improves the prediction quality and generalization. Experimental results on UCI data sets demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed approach.