An Energy Balanced Mechanism for Hierarchical Routing in Wireless Sensor Network

In wireless sensor networks (WSNs), energy-constrained sensor nodes are always deployed in hazardous and inaccessibleenvironments, making energy management a key problem for network design. The mechanism of RNTA (redundant nodetransmission agents) lacks an updating mechanism for the redundant nodes, causing an unbalanced energy distribution among sensor nodes. This paper presents an energy-balanced mechanism for hierarchical routing (EBM-HR), in which the residual energy of redundant