ORACLE官方文档administrator's guide

ORACLE官方文档 Administrator's guide 11g PDF 方便查阅ContentsrefaceXXIXAudienceDocumentation AccessibilityXXIXRelated documents·······:·:····XXXonventionsXXXWhat's New in Oracle database Administrator 's Guide?..,.... xxxiOracle Database 11g Release 2(11.2.0.2) New Features in the Administrator's GuideOracle database 1lg Releasc 2(11.2.0.1)New Fcatures in the Administrator's GuideXXXIIPart Basic Database administration1 Getting Started with Database Administrationypes of Oracle Database Users……Database AdministratorsSecurity Officers1-2Network Administrators1-2APP1-2Application Adrministrators1-3Database users1-3Tasks of a database administratorTask 1: evaluate the database server hardware1-3Task 2: Install the Oracle database Software1-4Task 3: Plan the databTask 4: Create and open the databaseTask5: Back Up the database…………..….….….….….….….….….….….….….….….….…...1-5Task 6: Enroll System Users1-5Task 7: Implement the Database Design1-5Task8: Back Up the Fully Functional Database……………Task 9: Tune Database Performance1-5Task 10: Download and install patches1-5Task 11: Roll out to additional hosts1-6Submitting Commands and SQL to the Database1-6About sQL Plus.1-7Connecting to the Database with SQL Plus···1-7Identifying Your Oracle Database Software Release.1-12Release number format……1-13Checking Your Current Release number1-13About Database Administrator Security and Privileges1-14The Database Administrator's Operating System Account1-14Administrative User Accounts11-14Database administrator AuthenticationAdministrative Privileges.........1-16Selecting an authentication Method for Database AdministratorsUsing Operating System Authentication……1-20Using password File Authentication…11-21Creating and Maintaining a Password File.........1-22Creating a Password File with ORAPWD1-23Sharing and disabling the Password file……………1-25dding users to a password File1-26Maintaining a Password File………1-27Data utilities1-282 Creating and Configuring an Oracle Databaseabout Creating an Oracle database2-1Considerations Before Creating the Database…………2-2Creating a database with dbca………2Creating a Database with Interactive DBCA………2-5Creating a database with Noninteractive/Silent dbca2-5Creating a database with the create database statement…………2-6Step 1: Specify an Instance Identifier(SID)2-7Step 2: Ensure That the Required Environment Variables Are Set..........2-7step3: Choose a database administrator authentication method…….………….27Step 4: Create the Initialization Parameter File2-8Step 5: (Windows Only) create an Instance2-9Step 6: Connect to the Instance2-9Step7: Create a Server parameter file∴….2-10Step 8: Start the Instance .....2-10Step 9: Issue the CREATE DATABASE Statement2-11step10: Create Additional Tablespaces……2-14Step 11: Run Scripts to Build Data Dictionary Views2-14step12:( Optional) Run Scripts to Install Additional Options………2-15Step 13: Back Up the Database2-15step14: Optional) Enable Automatic Instance Startup………2-15Specifying CREATE DATABASE Statement Clauses2-15Protecting Your Database: Specifying Passwords for Users SYS and SYSTEMCreating a Locally Managed SYSTEM Tablespace2-17About the SYSAUX Tablespace……………2-17Using Automatic Undo Management: Creating an Undo Tablespace2-18Creating a default pnent TablespaceCreating a Default Temporary Tablespace……19Specifying oracle managed files at Database Creation2-19Supporting Bigfile Tablespaces During Database Creation2-20Specifying the Database Time Zone and Time Zone File2-22pecifying FORCE LOGGING Mode……2-23Specifying Initialization Parameters2-24About Initialization parameters and Initialization parameter files2-24Determining the global Database Name2-27Specifying a fast recovery area2-27Specifying Control Files…………2-28Specifying database block sizes2-28pecifying the Maximum Number of Processe………2-30Specifying the ddl Lock timeout2-30Specifying the Method of Undo Space Management2-30About The ComPatible Initialization parameter2-31Setting the License Parameter2-31Managing Initialization Parameters Using a Server Parameter File2-32What Is a Server Parameter File?.2-32Migrating to a server parameter file2-33Creating a Server Parameter File.2-33Storing the server parameter File on hard-Enabled storage2-35The sPfile initialization parameter……237Changing Initialization Parameter values………2-37Clearing Initialization Parameter Values……………………………238Exporting the server Parameter File2-39Backing Up the Server Parameter File…2-39Recovering a Lost or Damaged Server Parameter Filo………………2-40Viewing Parameter Settings2-40Managing Application Workloads with Database Services……2-41about databasc services,垂2-41Creating database services2-43Database Service Data Dictionary views2-44Considerations After Creating a Database2-44Some Security Considerations.Enabling Transparent Data Encryption2-45Creating a Secure External Password Store2-46Installing the Oracle Database Sample Schemas2-46Dropping a Database…2-46Database Data Dictionary Views2-473 Starting Up and shutting DownStarting Up a Database3-1About Database Startup Options3-1Specifying Initialization Parameters at Startup3-2About Automatic Startup of Database Services……………………………35Preparing to Start Up an Instance3-5arting up an Instance……………3-6Altering Database Availability3-9Mounting a database to an Instance3-9Opening a Closed Database3-10Opening a Database in Read-Only Mode……∴3-10Restricting Access to an Open Database3-11Shutting Down a Database……………….番垂。垂垂音是音垂帝垂。垂。音,·垂3-12Shutting down with the normal mode3-12Shutting Down with the Immediate Mode……3-12Shutting down with the transactional mode......3-13Shutting down with the abort mode………3-13Shutdown Timeout…3-14Quiescing a database.3-14Placing a database into a Quiesced State.Restoring the System to Normal Opcration…………………3-16Viewing the Quiesce State of an Instance3-16Suspending and resuming a database3-164 Configuring automatic Restart of an oracle databaseAbout oracle restart4-1Oracle restart Overview4-1About Startup dependencies4-2About Starting and Stopping Components with Oracle Restart4-3About Starting and Stopping Oracle Restart4-3Oracle Restart Configuration.....4-4Oracle Restart Integration with Oracle Data guard4-5ast Application Notification with Oracle Restart4-6Configuring Oracle Restart4-9Preparing to Run Srvcil4-10Obtaining Help for SRVCTL...............4-11Adding Components to the Oracle restart Configuration4-11Removing Components from the Oracle Restart Configuration4-14Disabling and Enabling Oracle restart Management for a Component………4-14Viewing Component Status………4-15Viewing the Oracle restart Configuration for a Component4-16Modifying the Oracle Restart Configuration for a Component4-17Managing Environment Variables in the Oracle Restart Configuration........4-17Creating and Deleting Database Services with SRVCTL.............4-19Enabling Fan events in an Oracle restart environment4-20Automating the Failover of Connections Between Primary and Standby Databases...4-20Enabling Clients for Fast Connection Failover…14-21Starting and Stopping Components Managed by Oracle Restart4-25Starting and Stopping Components Managed by Oracle Restart with SRVCTL ..........4-25Starting a Database Managed by Oracle Restart with Oracle Enterprise Manager....4-26Stopping and Restarting Oracle Restart for Maintenance Operations4-27SRVCTL Command reference for oracle restart4-304-32confis∴4-38disable4-4enable4-4414-47modify4-49remove..,......4-53setenv翻番番垂。垂垂音是音垂帝垂。垂。音,·垂4-564-58status…4-62stop4-65unsetenv··4-69CRSCTL Command Reference4-71check472confi4-73disable4-74enable4-75start..……4-76stop……4-775 Managing ProcessesAbout Dedicated and shared Server processesDedicated server processcs∴….5-1Shared Server processes5-2About Database Resident Connection PoolingComparing drCp to Dedicated Server and Shared Server5-5Restrictions on Using Database Resident Connection Pooling5-6Configuring Oracle Database for Shared Server5-6Initialization Parameters for Shared Server5-7Memory management for Shared server5-7Enabling Shared Server…………….…57Configuring Dispatchers..,……5-10Disabling Shared Server5-15Shared server data dictionary views5-15Configuring Database Resident Connection Pooling………5-16Enabling Database Resident Connection Pooling番普音番垂垂垂垂音音音+鲁垂垂垂垂垂5-16Configuring the Connection Pool for Database Resident Connection Pooling5-17Data Dictionary Views for Database Resident Connection Pooling…………………….5-19About Oracle Database Background Processes…………….….….....5-19Managing Processes for Parallel SQL Execution5-20About Parallel Execution Servers5-2Altering Parallel Execution for a Session………5-21Managing Processes for External Procedures5-22About External procedures音,普·垂垂垂垂音5-22DBA Tasks to enable external Procedure Calls…5-23Terminating sessions5-23Identifying Which Session to Terminate5-24Terminating an Active Session……….5-24Terminating an Inactive session5-25Process and Session Data Dictionary Views……5-25VIl6 Managing MemoryAbout Memory management6-1Memory Architecture Overview番6-2Using automatic Memory management1,·,,,里里6-3About Automatic Memory management6-4Enabling Automatic Memory Management……6-4Monitoring and Tuning Automatic Memory Management6-6Configuring Memory Manually6-7Using Automatic Shared Memory Management6-8Using Manual Shared Memory Management………6-14Using Automatic PGA Memory Management……6-19Using Manual PGA Memory Management………6-20Configuring database Smart Flash Cache·垂垂6-21When to Configure the Flash Cache6-21Sizing the flash Cache6-2Tuning Memory for the Flash cache………∴6-22Flash Cache Initialization Parameters去击6-22Flash Cache in an Oracle Real Applications Clusters Environment6-23Memory Management Reference…………….6-23Platforms That Support Automatic Memory Management6-23Memory Management Data Dictionary Views垂垂6-237 Managing Users and Securing the DatabaseThe im portance of esta blishing a security policy for your database7-1Managing Users and Resources.·····7-1Managing User Privileges and roles……7-2Auditing Database US7-2Predefined user accounts……………7-28 Monitoring Database OperationsMonitoring Errors and Alerts8-1Monitoring errors with Trace Files and the Alert log………8-1Monitoring Database Operations with Server-Generated Alerts………………………8-4Monitoring Performance...8-6Monitoring Locks………………8-7Monitoring Wait Events……8-7Performance Monitoring Data Dictionary Views8-79 Managing diagnostic dataAbout the Oracle Database Fault Diagnosability Infrastructure.………….9-1Fault Diagnosability Infrastructure OverviewAbout Incidents and problemsFault diagnosability Infrastructure Components9-5Structure, Contents, and location of the automatic Diagnostic repository9-7Investigating, Reporting, and Resolving a Problem9-10Roadmap--Investigating, Reporting and Resolving a Problem..9-10Task 1- View Critical Error Alerts in Enterprise Manager9-12Task 2-view Problem details…9-13Task3- Optiona) Gather Additional Diagnostic Information………………………9-13Task 4-(Optional) create a service request垂新,4着垂9-13Task 5-package and Upload Diagnostic Data to Oracle Support9-14Task6- Track the Service Request and Implement Any repairs…………………9-15Task 7-Close incidents9-16Viewing Problems with the Enterprise Manager Support Workbench9-17Creating a User-Reported problem..........9-18ng the Alert log9-19Finding Trace Files9-20Running Health Checks with Health Monitor…….….920About health monitor9-21Running Health Checks manually………9-22Viewing Checker reports9-23Health monitor views……….9-26Health Check Parameters reference9-27Repairing SqL Failures with the SQL Repair Advisor9-27About the sQL Repair Advisor9-28Running the sql repair advisor9-28Viewing, Disabling, or Removing a SQL Patch9-29Repairing Data Corruptions with the Data Recovery Advisor…………9-30Creating, Editing, and Uploading Custom Incident Packages9-31About Incident Packages9-32Packaging and Uploading Problems with Custom Packaging……………9-34Viewing and modifying Incident Packages9-38Creating, Editing, and Uploading Correlated Packages9-44Deleting Correlated Packag9-44Setting Incident Packaging Preferences9-4510 Managing Oracle Enterprise Manager Database ControlDatabase Control overview音垂垂B垂音垂,垂着《是垂垂垂垂音10-1Understanding the Enterprise Manager Directories10-1Configuring Database Control During and After Installation…….…..….……..10-3Overview of Configuration Options10-3Configuring Database Control During Installation10-4Configuring Database Control with dbCa10-4Configuring database Control Using emca0-5Using an Input File for EMCa Parameters10-10Specifying the Ports Used by Database Control10-11Using emca with Oracle rac10-12Administering database Control10-15Starting and Stopping the Database ControlP10-15Accessing the Database Home Page10-16Creating database Control Administrative Users.….………………...........110-17ting Access to Database CoAdministrative users10-18Setting database Control Preferences110-18IXManaging Database Control in an Oracle RAC Environment10-21Verifying that Database Control is Running in an Oracle RAC Environment…………1021Backing Up the emkeyora File…….....·········10-22Deleting and Creating Database Control objects10-22Deleting Database Control Objects10-22Creating Database Control obje10-24Recreating Or Reconfiguring Database Control10-25EMCA Troubleshooting Tips………··10-25Using EMCA After Changing the Database Listener Port10-26Upgrading1 18 release2 Grid Control Agents……10-26UsingEMCA When the Database Host Name or iP Address Changes.......... 10-26Using emc∧ When the TNS Configuration Is Changed.………….1027Using EMCA for Desktop Class Installations10-27Handling EMCA Error Messages…10-27Part l Oracle database structure and storage11 Managing Control FilesWhat Is a Control file?Guidelines for Control files……11-2rovide filenames for the Control files112Multiplex Control Files on Different Disks11-2Back Up Control files11-3Manage the Size of Control Files .....................................11-3Creating Control Files……11-3Creating Initial Control files11-3Creating Additional Copies, Renaming, and Relocating Control Files11-4Creating New Control files………Troubleshooting After Creating Control Files…………11-7Checking for Missing or Extra filesHandling Errors During CREATE CONTROLFILE11-7Backing Up Control FilesRecovering a Control File Using a Current Copy………………11-8Recovering from Control File Corruption Using a Control File Copy…………11-8Recovering from Permanent Media Failure Using a Control File Copy.11-8Dropping Control Files………11-9Control Files Data Dictionary Views11912 Managing the Redo LogWhat Is the redo log2…….12-1Redo threads12-1Redo log contents.......12-2How Oracle Database Writes to the Redo log………12-2Planning the redo log…12-4Multiplexing Redo Log Files....112-4Placing redo log members on Different Disks12-6X