数据库系统概念 第六版 英文

EQA silberschatz6efmi-iiinddPagei12/3/092:51:51PMuser /Users;user/Desktop/TempWork/00November2009/24:11:09/VYN/silberschatz TheMcGrawHillcompanies Connect Learn rawSucceed DATABASESYSTEMCONCEPTS,SIXTHEDITION PublishedbyMcGraw-Hill,abusinessunitofTheMcGraw-HillCompanics,Inc,1221Avenuc oftheAmericas,NewYork,NY10020.Copyright@2011byTheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Ind Allrightsreserved.Previouseditionso2006,2002,and1999.Nopartofthispublicationmay bereproducedordistributedinanyformorbyanymeans,orstoredinadatabaseorretriev system,withoutthepriorwrittenconsentofThemcgraw-HillCompaniesInc.includingbut notlimitedto,inanynetworkorotherelectronicstorageortransmission,orbroadcastfordis- tancelearning Someancillaries,includingelectronicandprintcomponents,maynotbeavailabletocustomers outsidetheUnitedStates Thisbookisprintedonacid-freepaper 1234567890DOC/DOC109876543210 ISBN9780-07-352332-3 MHID0-07-352332-1 GlobalPublisher:RaghothamanSrinivasan DDirectorofDevelopment:Kristinetibbetts SeniorMarketingManager:CurtReynolds ProjectManager:MelissaM.leick SeniorproductionSupervisor:LauraFuller DesignCoordinator:BrendaAroles CoverDesigner:StudioMontage,St.Louis,Missouri USE)CoverImage:OBrandXPictures/Punchstock Compositor:Aptara,Inc Typeface:10/12Palatino Printer:R.RDonnelley Allcreditsappearingonpageorattheendofthebookareconsideredtobeanextensionofthe copyrightpage LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Silberschatz,Abraham Databasesystemconcepts/AbrahamSilberschatz.-6thed o.cm ISBN978-0-07-3523323(alk.pa 1.Databasemanagement.I.Title QA76.9D3556372011 00574dc22 009039039 TheInternetaddresseslistedinthetextwereaccurateatthetimeofpublication.Theinclusionof aWebsitedoesnotindicateanendorsementbytheauthorsofMcGraw-Hill,andMcGraw-hill doesnotguaranteetheaccuracyoftheinformationpresentedatthesesites www.mhhe.com EOA InmemoryofmyfatherJosephsilberschatz mymotherVerasilberschatz andmygrandparentsStephaandAaronrosenblum Auisilberschatz mychildren,AbigailandJoseph andmyparents,Henryandfrances HankKorth Tomywife,Site mychildren,madhurandAdvaith andmymotherindira SSudarshan Thispageintentionallyleftblank EOA Contents Chapter1Introduction 1.1Database-SystemApplications1 1.10DataMiningandInformation 1.2P Retrieval25 1,3Viewofdata6 IllSpecialtydatabases26 1.4DatabaseLanguages9 1.12DatabaseUsersandadministrators27 1.5RelationalDatabases12 1.13HistoryofDatabaseSystems29 1.6DatabaseDesign15 1.14Summary31 1.7DataStorageandQuerying20 E excises 1.8TransactionManagement22 Bibliographicalnotes35 1.9DatabaseArchitecture23 PARTONERELATIONALDATABASES Chapter2IntroductiontotheRelationalModel 2.1StructureofRelationaldatabases39 2.6RelationalOperations48 2.2Databaseschema42 2.7Summary52 2.3Keys45 Exercises53 2.4SchemaDiagrams46 BibliographicalNotes55 2.5RelationalQueryLanguages47 Chapter3IntroductiontoSOL 3.1OverviewoftheSQLQuery 3.7AggregateFunctions84 Ianguage57 3.8NestedSubqueries90 3.2SQLDataDefinition58 3.9Modificationofthedatabase98 3.3BasicStructureofSQLQueries63 3.10Summary104 3.4AdditionalBasicOperations74 Exercises105 3.5SetOperations79 BibliographicalNotes112 3.6Nullvalues83 EOA Contents Chapter4IntermediateSOL 4.1JoinExpressions113 4.6Authorization143 4.2Views120 4.7Summary150 4.3Transactions127 Exercises152 4.4IntegrityConstraints128 BibliographicalNotes156 4.5SQLDataTypesandSchemas136 Chapter5AdvancedSQL 5.1AccessingSQLFromaProgramming5.5AdvancedAggregationFeatures"**192 Language157 5.6OLAP*197 5.2Functionsandprocedures173 5.7Summary209 5.3Triggers180 Exercises211 5.4Recursivequeries**187 BibliographicalNotes216 Chapter6FormalRelationalQueryLanguages 6.1TheRelationalAlgebra217 6.4Summary248 6.2TheTupleRelationalCalculus239 Exercises249 6.3TheDomainRelationalCalculus245 BibliographicalNotes254 PARTTWODATABASEDESIGN Chapter7Databasedesignandthee-rmodel 7.1OverviewoftheDesignProcess259 7.8ExtendedE-RFeatures295 7.2TheEntity-RelationshipModel262 7.9AlternativeNotationsforModeling 7.3Constraints269 Data304 7.4RemovingredundantAttributesin 7.10OtherAspectsofDatabaseDesign310 EntitySets272 7.11Summary313 7.5Entity-RelationshipDiagrams274 Exercises315 7.6Reductiontorelationalschemas283 BibliographicalNotes321 7.7Entity-RelationshipDesignIssues290 EOA Contents i Chapter8RelationalDatabaseDesign 8.1FeaturesofGoodRelational 8.6DecompositionUsingMultivalued Designs323 Dependencies355 8.2Atomicdomainsandfirstnormal 8.7Morenormalforms360 Form327 8.8Database-DesignProcess361 8.3DecompositionUsingFunctional 8.9ModelingTemporalData364 Dependencies329 8.10Summary367 8.4Functiona-Dependencytheory3 ry Exercises368 8.5AlgorithmsforDecomposition348 BibliographicalNotes374 hapter9ApplicationDesignandDevelopment 9.1ApplicationProgramsandUser 9.6ApplicationPerformance400 Interfaces375 9.7ApplicationSecurity402 9.2WebFundamentals377 9.8EncryptionandItsApplications411 9.3ServletsandJSP38 9.9Summary417 9.4ApplicationArchitectures391 Exercises419 9.5RapidApplicationDevelopment396 BibliographicalNotes426 PARTTHREEDATASTORAGEANDQUERYING Chapter10StorageandFilestructure 10.1OverviewofPhysicalStorage L0.6OrganizationofRecordsinFiles457 Media429 10.7Data-DictionaryStorage462 10.2MagneticDiskandFlashStorage43210.8DatabaseBuffer464 103RAID441 0.9Summary468 10.4TertiaryStorage449 E: xercises 10.5FileOrganization451 BibliographicalNotes473 Chapter11IndexingandHashing 11.1BasicConcepts475 11.8ComparisonofOrderedIndexingand 11.2OrderedIndices476 Hashin ng 523 11.3B+-TreeIndexfiles485 11.9BitmapIndices524 11.4B+-TreeExtensions500 11.10IndexDefinitioninSQL528 11.5Multiple-KeyAccess506 1111Summary52 11.6StaticHashing 11.7DynamicHashing510 BibliographicalNotes536 EOA viiiContents Chapter12QueryProcessing 12.1Overview537 12.6OtherOperations563 12.2MeasuresofQueryCost540 12.7EvaluationofExpressions567 12.3SelectionOperation541 12.8Summary572 12.4Sorting546 Exercises574 12.5JoinOperation549 BibliographicalNotes577 Chapter13QueryOptimization 13.1Overview579 13.5Materializedviews*+*607 13.2Transformationofrelational 13.6AdvancedTopicsinQuery Expressions582 Optimization**612 13.3EstimatingStatisticsofExpression 13.7Summary615 Results590 E 617 13.4ChoiceofEvaluationPlans598 BibliographicalNotes622 PARTFOURTRANSACTIONMANAGEMENT Chapter14Transactions 14.1TransactionConcept 14.7TransactionIsolationand 14.2ASimpleTransactionModel629 Atomicity646 14.3Storagestructure632 14.8TransactionisolationLevels648 4.4TransactionAtomicityand 14.9ImplementationofIsolationLevels650 Durability633 14.10TransactionsasSQLStatements653 145Transactionisolation635 14.11Summary655 14.6Serializability641 Exercises657 BibliographicalNotes660 Chapter15ConcurrencyControl 15.1Lock-BasedProtocols661 15.8InsertOperations,DeleteOperations, 15.2DeadlockHandling674 andPredicateReads697 15.3MultipleGranularity679 15.9WeakLevelsofConsistencyin 15.4Timestamp-BasedProtocols682 Practice701 15.5Validation-BasedProtocols686 15.10ConcurrencyinIndexStructures**704 15.6MultiversionSchemes689 15.11Summary 708 15.7SnapshotIsolation692 Exercises712 BibliographicalNotes718 EOA Contents Chapter16Recoverysystem 16.1FailureClassification721 16.7EarlyLockReleaseandLogicalUndo 16.2Storage722 Operations744 16.3Recoveryandatomicity726 6.8ARIESS750 16.4RecoveryAlgorithm735 16.9RemoteBackupSystems756 16.5BufferManagement738 16.10Summary759 16.6FailurewithLossofnonvolatile E xercises Storage743 Bibliographicalnotes766 PARTFIVESYSTEMARCHITECTURE Chapter17Database-SystemArchitectures 17.1CentralizedandClient-Server 17.5NetworkTypes788 Architectures769 17.6Summary791 17.2ServerSystemArchitectures772 Exercises793 17.3Parallelsystems777 BibliographicalNotes794 17.4Distributedsyste 784 Chapter18ParallelDatabases 18.1Introduction797 18.8DesignofParallelSystems815 18.2I/OParallelism798 8.9Parallelismonmulticore 18.3InterqueryParallelism802 Processors817 18.4Intraqueryparallelism803 18.10Summary81 18.5IntraoperationParallelisM804 Exercises821 18.6Interoperationparallelism813 BibliographicalNotes824 18.7QueryOptimization814 Chapter19DistributedDatabases 19.1HomogeneousandHeterogeneous 19.7DistributedQueryProcessing854 Databases825 19.8HeterogeneousDistributed 19.2DistributedDataStorage826 Databases857 19.3DistributedTransactions830 19.9Cloud-BasedDatabases861 19.4CommitProtocols832 19.10DirectorySystems870 19.5ConcurrencyControlinDistributed 19.11 875 Databases839 Exercises879 19.6Availability847 BibliographicalNotes883