ArcGIS中坐标转换方法.pdf

ArcGIS中坐标转换方法 解决如何将不同坐标系统数据进行互相转换Hew Projected Coordinate SystemNamGauss KrugerProlectionHGauss KrugerarameterValueFalse Easting37500000.000000000000000False Nor thing0.000000000000000Central_Meridian.000000000000000000Scale Factor1.0000Latitude_Of_OriEin0.000000000000000000Linear UnitNameMeterMeters per unitGeographic Coordinate SystemSelect-NNewModi fyFinish取消Browse for Coordinate SystemLook inAsiaG Ain el Abd 1970. prjg Everest (def 1967). prjg a prjEverest (def 1975). prjs Batavia akarta). prjEverest-Bangladesh prj面eing1954pris Everest- India and Nepal. prjBukit Rimpah prjEverest 1830. prjayDeir ez Zor. prjg Everest Modified prjEuropean 1950 (ED77) prjFahud prj念_European Datum 1950. prjG FD 1958.prJEverest (def 1962). prjey Gandajika 1970 prjName: Beijing 1954. pri:Show of type. Coordinate SystemsCancelHer Projected Coordinate SystenNameGauss KrugerProjecti onHauss KrugerarameterValFalse easting37500000.000000000000000False Nor thing0.000000000000000Central_Meridian111.000000000000000000Scale Factor1.000Latitude_0f_Origin.000000000000000000Linear UnitNameeterMeters per unitGeographic Coordinate SystemName: GCS_ Beijing 1954[A Select.Angular Unit: Degree (0.01745329251994Prime Meridi an: Greenwich (0.000000000Datum: D Bei jing 1954NewSpheroid: Krasovsky_ 1940Modi fy.Finish取消Spatial Reference PropertiesXY Coordinate System Z Coordinate SystemNameGauss KrugerDetailsProjection: Gauss KrugerFalse_Easting:37500000000000False_Nor thing: 0.000000Central Meri di an: 111 000000Scale factor: 1 000000Latitude_Of_Origin: 0. 000000Linear Unit: Meter (1 000000)Geographic Coor dinate System: GCS_Beijing_1954Angular Unit: Degree (0.017453292519943295)Prime Meridi an: Greenwich(0. 000000000000000000)Datum: D_Beijing1954Spheroid: Krasovsky_1940SelectSelect a predefined coordinate systemImport a coor dinate system and K/Y, ZImportand M domains from an existinggeodataset (e. g, feature datasetCreate a new coordinate systemModi fyEdit the properties of the currentlyselected coordinate systemClearSets the coordinate system tounknownSave the coordinate systemto a file确定取消应用2、再进行投影转换,方法如下图:-8 Projections and TransformationsFeatur多 Batch ProjectA Create Spatial ReferenceRasterCreate Custom Georaphic TransfoDefine Projection> ProjectHElpInput Dataset or Feature Classiaoliuyu PolygonOutput CoordinateSystemInput Coordinate System (optional)The coordinate system tobe applied to the OutputOutput Dataset or Feature ClassDataset or Feature ClassP: wanli\三期接后及拓扑完 xiaoliu Polygon Project.sdpe Output Coordinate SystemGeographic Transformation (optional)啊+x0K」_cses」 Envionments< eature- Project项打开投影对话框。在 Input DataSet orFeature Class栏中输入或点击旁边的按钮选择相应的 Dataset或 Feature class(带有空间参考), Output DataSet or Feature Class栏中输入或点击旁边的按钮选择目标 DataSet或 Feature Class,在 Output Coordinate System栏中输入或点击旁边的按钮选择目标数据的坐标系统。最后点OK键即可。http://hi.baiducom/zaaaaaa/blog/item/14fac9660796da20ab184ce9.htmlArcGis坐标系统文件坐标是GIS数据的骨骼框架,能够将我们的数据定位到相应的位置,为地图中的每点提供准确的坐标。ArcGIS自带了多种坐标系统,在 SArcGISHome)\ Coordinate Systems目录下可以看到三个文件夹,分别是 Geographic Coordinate Systems、 Projected Coordinate Systems、 VerticalCoordinate Systems,中文翻译为地理坐标系、投影坐标系、垂直坐标系。i Coordinate Systems文件①)编辑￠)查看收藏)工具〔r)帮助⑩D地址①)D: ArcGIS\Coordinate Systems文件夹X名称大小类型3OArcGISA GEographic Coordinate Systems文件夹±口 ArcExplorero Projected Coordinate Systems文件夹A ArcGlobeDatVertical Coordinate Systems文件夹± ArcIMS4 AreToolboxt 0 ArcWebSupport±Bin± CaseToolscB O Coordinate Systems*0 Geographic Coordinat4 O Projected Coordinate白 Vertical Coordinatet o Data Interoperability E关于地理坐标系和投影坐标系的区别,网络上有相关的文章介绍一一地理坐标系与投影坐标系的区别,简而言之,投影坐标系=地理坐标系+投影过程1 Geographic Coordinate Systems在 Geographic Coordinate Systems目录中,我们可以看到已定义的许多坐标系信息,典型的如 Geographic Coordinate Systems\ World目录下的WGs1984p,里面所定义的坐标参数GEOGCSIGCS WGS 1984,DATUMT D WGS 1984[ WGS 1984,6378137, 298.257223563], PRIMEM[Greenwich",OL, UNIT[Degree,0.017453292519943295J1里面描述了地理坐标系的名称、大地基准面、椭球体、起始坐标参考点、单位等。2 Projected Coordinate Systems在 Projected Coordinate Systems目录中同样存在许多已定义的投影坐标系,我国大部分地图所采用的北京54和西安80坐标系的投影文件就在其中,它们均使用高斯克吕格投影,前者使用克拉索夫斯基椭球体,后者使用国际大地测量协会推荐的AG75地球椭球体。如Beijing19543 Degree GK CM75Ep定义的坐标参数:PROJCS["Beijing_ 1954 3 Degree GK CM_75E", GEOGCSI"GCS Beijing_1954",DATUM[D Beijing1954",SPHEROID[ Krasovsky_ 1940", 6378245.0, 298.3JLPRIMEM[Greenwich,0.0,UNIT["Degree, 0.0174532925199433, PROJECTION["Gauss Kruger"], PARAMETERI False Easting",500000.0, PARAMETER[False Northing ,0.0], PARAMETERI"Central Meridian ", 75.0], PARAMETERI"Scale Factor,1.0L, PARAMETERI Latitude of Origin",0.0 UNIT[Meter,1.0J1可以看出,参数里除了包含地理坐标系的定义外,还有投影方式的信息。北京54和西安80是我们使用最多的坐标系,在 ArcgIs文件中,对于这两种坐标系统的命名有一些不同,简单看去很容易让人产生迷惑。在此之前,先简单介绍高斯-克吕格投影的基本知识,了解就直接跳过,我国大中比例尺地图均采用高斯-克吕格投影,其通常是按6度和3度分带投影,1:25万-1:50万比例尺地形图采用经差6度分带,1:1万比例尺的地形图采用经差3度分带。具体分带法是:6度分带从木初子午线开始,按经差6度为一个投影带自西向东划分,全球共分60个投影带,带号分别为1-60;3度投影带是从东经1度30秒经线开始,按经差3度为一个投影带自西向东划分,全球共分120个投影带。为了便于地形图的测量作业,在高斯-克吕格投影带内布置了平面直角坐标系统,具体方法是,规定中央经线为Ⅹ轴,赤道为Y轴,中央经线与赤道交点为坐标原点,ⅹ值在北半球为正,南半球为负,y值在中央经线以东为正,中央经线以西为负。由于我国疆域均在北半球,x值均为正值,为了避兔y值出现负值,规定各投影带的坐标纵轴均西移500km,中央经线上原横坐标值由0变为500km。为了方便带间点位的区分,可以在每个点位横坐标y值的百千米位数前加上所在带号,如20带内A点的坐标可以表示为YA=207459218m。在 Coordinate Systems\ Projected Coordinate Systems\ Gauss Kruger\ Beijing1954目录中,我们可以看到四种不同的命名方式:Beijing 1954 3 Degree GK CM 75E prjBeijing 1954 3 Degree GK Zone 25prjBeijing 1954 GK Zone 13prjBeijing 1954 GK Zone 13N prj对它们的说明分别如下:三度分带法的北京54坐标系,中央经线在东75度的分带坐标,横坐标前不加带号三度分带法的北京54坐标系,中央经线在东75度的分带坐标,横坐标前加带号六度分带法的北京54坐标系,分带号为13,横坐标前加带号六度分带法的北京54坐标系,分带号为13,横坐标前不加带号在 Coordinate Systems\ Projected Coordinate Systems\ Gauss Kruger Xian1980目录中,文