Balkan Syntax and Semantics

Balkan Syntax and SemanticsLinguistik Aktuell/Linguistics TodayLinguistik Aktuell /Linguistics Today(La)provides a platform for original monograph studiesinto synchronic and diachronic linguistics Studies in LA confront empirical and theoreticalproblems as these are currently discussed in syntax, semantics, morphology, phonology, andsystematic pragmatics with the aim to establish robust empirical generalizations within auniversalistic perspectiveSeries editorsWerner AbrahamElly van GelderenUniversity of viennaArizona state universitAdvisory editorial boardGuglielmo CinqueIan robertsUniversity of VeniceCambridge UniversityGunther glKen safirJ.w. Goethe-University, frankfurtRutgers University, New Brunswick NJLiliane haegemanLisa deMena travisUniversity of Lille, FranceMcGill UniversityHubert haiderSten vinerUniversity of SalzburgUniversity of aarhusChrister platzackC. Jan-Wouter ZwartUniversity of LundUniversity of groningenVolume 67Balkan Syntax and SemanticsEdited by Olga Miseska TomicBalkan Syntax and semanticsEdited bOlga Miseska TomicLeiden universityJohn Benjamins Publishing CompanyAmsterdam/ philadelphiaThe paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirementsof american National Standard for Information Soof Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication DataBalkan syntax and semantics /edited by Olga Miseska TomicP. cm. (Linguistik Aktuell/I inguistics Today, ISSN 0166-0829; V 67)Includes bibliographical references and indexes1. Balkan peninsula--LeSyntax. 2. Balkan Peninsula-Languages--Semantics. I Miseka Tomic, Olga. Il Linguistik aktuell 67P381.B3B272004409496-dc222004045059ISBN 90 272 2790 X(Eur )/158811 502X(US)(Hb; alk. paper)o 2004-John Benjamins B.V.No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by print, photoprint, microfilm, orany other means, without written permission from the publisherJohn Benjamins Publishing Co . P.O. Box 36224 1020 ME Amsterdam. The NetherlandJohn Benjamins North Arnerica P.O. Box 27519. Philadelphia PA 19118-0519USAJB[v.20020404]Prn:20/05/2004;16:08F:1a67co,tex/p.1(26-64)Table of contentsPrefaceMap of the BalkansList of abbreviationsThe Balkan Sprachbund properties: An introductionOlga miseska TomicSpread of the Balkan sprachbund morpho-syntactic propertiesOn the areal distribution of syntactic properties in the languagesof the balkansAndrei N. sobolevThe typology of Balkan evidentiality and areal linguisticsLolVictor a FriedmanThe nominal phrasePolydefinite constructions in Modern Greek and in aromanianHector Campos and Melita stavrouBalkan possessive clitics: The problem of case and category17Roumana panchevaOptional movement of Bulgarian possessive clitics to iSome implications for Binding Theory221Christo moskovskThe root clauseDatives and the non-active voice: Reflexive clitics in Balkan languages237Maria luisa riveroJB[v.20020404]Prn:20/05/2004;16:08F:1a67 cO. tex/p.2(64-90)vi Table of contentsOn the clitic switch in Greek imperativesZeljko boskovicComplementizer-headed main clauses for volitional moodn the languages of South-Eastern Europe: A Balkanism?293Andreas Ammann and Johan van der auweraMood and force features in the languages of the Balkans315Daniela Isac and edit JakabOn left periphery and focus339Virginia hillSyncretic and analytic tenses in Romanian:The balkan setting of romance355Yves d'hulst, Martine Coene and Larisa avramThe complex sentenceSubjunctive relatives in Balkan languages377Eleni buThe syntax-semantics of modal existential wh construction405Alexander grosuInterpreting empty subjects in nontensed complement clausesChild and adult strategiesDanijela Stojanovic and Marijana mareljOn Judeo-Spanish conditional61Cesar Montoliu and Johan van der auweraAuthor index475Index of languages, dialects and toponymsJB[v.20020404]Prn:16/03/2004;12:54F:LA67PR.tex/p.1(40-109)PrefaceThe contributions to this volume originated as papers presented at the Conferenceon the Balkan Sprachbund Properties, held at the University of Leiden, 7-9 June2001, within the framework of the Spinoza Project Lexicon and Syntax. Theyanalyze individual syntactic or semantic properties of nine Balkan language -theSlavic languages Macedonian, Bulgarian and Serbo-Croatian; the romance languages Romanian, Aromanian and Megleno-Romanian; Albanian; Modern greek;and the arli Balkan Romani dialect. Serbo-Croatian is spoken as a majority language in Bosnia and Hcrccgovina, Croatia and Serbia and Montenegro, and as aminority language in areas in Hungary and romania adjacent to Croatia and Serbia. Macedonian is spoken as a majority language in Macedonia, and as a minoritylanguage in a large area in Northern Greece, as well as in areas in Albania adjacent to Macedonia. Albanian is spoken as a majority language in Albania and the(Southern Serbian) provincc of Kosovo, and as a minority language in WesternMacedonia and Northwestern Greece. Romanian is spoken as a majority languagein Romania, and as a minority language in areas in Serbia and Bulgaria adjacent toRomania. Modern Greek is spoken as a majority language in Greece and as a mi.nority language in Southern Albania. Bulgarian is spoken as a majority languagein Bulgaria and as a minority language in a restricted arca in Serbia adjacent toBulgaria. Aromanian, Megleno-Romanian and Balkan Romani are not spoken asmajority languages in any country on the Balkans or anywhere else. Balkan Romani is spoken by scattered communities throughout the Balkans; Arli is one ofthe Balkan Romani dialects spoken in and around the capital of Macedonia, Skopje.Mcgleno-Romanian is spoken by a fcw thousand pcoplc originally living in a fcwvillages in what is now Southeastern Macedonia and the adjacent part of greeceAromanian is spoken in central and western Macedonia, Southern Albania andCentral and Northwestern Greece. (see Map)For comments on individual contributions, thanks are due to the followingrevicwcrs: Artemis Alcxiadou, Waylcs Brownc, Zcljko Boskovic, HEctor Campos,Violeta Demonte, Mila Dimitrova-Vulchanova, Donka Farkas, Victor Friedman,Helen Goodluck, Alexander Grosu, Amin Hetzer, Virginia Hill, Daniela IsaEdit Jakab, Uwe unghanns, Dalina Kallulli, Dimitra Kolliakou, Christina Kramer,Iliyana Krapova, Brian Joseph, Pieter Muysken, Roumyana Pancheva, CeciliaPoletto, Maria Louisa Rivero, Joseph Schallert, Penka Stateva, Melita Stavrou, AnnaJB[v.20020404]Prn:16/03/2004;12:54F:LA67FR.tex/p.2(109-128)VIlI PrefaceSzabolczi, Arhonto Terzi, Sarah Thomasson. During the preparation of the finalversion of the book, I profited very much from the comments of the series edi-tors, Werner abraham and elly van Gelderen, to whom I owe my gratitude Forcontinuous support in my work, i am specifically indebted to Pictor muyskenolga Miseska TomicNotes1.Forinformationabouttheareastheteamandthetaskoftheprojectcf.http://www.letleidenuniv. nl/spls2. Upon the disintegration of Yugoslavia, Serbo-Croatian dissolved into Serbian, Croatian and Bosnian. The grammatical structures of the three successors"do not, howeversubstantially differ from one anotherJB[v.20020404]Prn:21/04/2004;11:32F:LA67MA.tex/p.1(40-69)Map of the balkansAuSTRIAMOLDOVAHUNGARYSLOVENLAZagrebROMANIABelgradeBOSNIA ANDBucharestHERZEGOVINAserbia montenegroBULGARIAITALYMACEDONLAIstantALBANIAGREECETURKEYAthensSea mediterranean200400800 km CREtE