车载天线设计与应用Automotive Antenna Design and Applications(2010)

本书包含了几乎所有车载天线的设计与应用，介绍了调频调幅天线，移动电话天线，车载电视天线，卫星无线电天,GPS天线，短距离通信车载天线，薄膜天线，数字音频广播设计，车载雷达系统，以及天线封装事项K10253 FM indd2/9/1011:58:57AMAutomotiⅤeAntenna designand ApplicationsVictor rabinovichNikolai alexandrovBasim alkhateebCRC) CRC PressTaylor Francis GroupBoca raton London new yorkCRC Press is an imprint of theTaylor Francis Group, an informa businesso 2010 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLCK10225 indb 32/10/109:45:43AMCRC PressTaylor Francis group6000 Broken Sound Parkway nw, Suite 300Boca raton, Fl 33487-2742o 2010 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLCCRC Press is an imprint of Taylor Francis Group, an Informa businessNo claim to original u.S. Government worksPrinted in the United States of America on acid-free paper10987654321International Standard Book Number: 978-1-4398-0407-0(Hardback)This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. 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If any copyright material hasnot been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprintExcept as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented,including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system,without written permission from the publishersForpermissiontophotocopyorusematerialelectronicallyfromthisworkpleaseaccesswww.copyrightcom(http://www.copyright.com/)orcontacttheCopyrightClearanceCenter,Inc.(ccc),222RosewoodDrive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400. CCC is a not-for-profit organization that provides licenses andregistration for a variety of users. For organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by the CCC,a separate system of payment has been arrangedTrademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are usedonly for identification and explanation without intent to infringeLibrary of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication DataRabinovich, VictorAutomotive antenna design and applications /authors, Victor Rabinovich, NikolaiAlexandrov basim alkhateebIncludes bibliographical references and index“ A CRC titleIsBN978-1-4398-0407-0(hardcover: alk. paper)1. Antennas(Electronics)2. Automobiles--Electronic equipment 3Automobiles--Radio equipment. I Alexandrov, nikolai. Il Alkhateeb, Basim. Ill. TitleTL272.5R332010629.277--dc222009047095Visit the taylor francis Web site athttp:/www.taylorandfrancis.comand the Crc Press Web site athttp://www.crcpress.como 2010 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLCK10225 indb 42/10/109:45:44AMContentsPrefaceXIAcknowledgmentsX11Lead authorList of abbreviations.NIE.. XVIIAutomotive Antennas overview: Patents, Papers and products1.1 Introduction1.2 AM/ FM Antenna Systems11331. 2.1 AM/FM Broadcasting Frequency Range1.2.2 Printed-on-Glass Antennas...................31.2.3 Short Mast Helical Roof Antennas1.3 Cellular phone antennas1.4 Car TV antennas1.4.1 Terrestrial Systems1.4.2 Satellite TV Antennas1.4.3 Internet TV in Vehicles1.5 Satellite Radio antennas1.6 GPS Antenna Systems1.7 Antennas for Short Range communications901221.7.1 Introduction…1.7.2 Remote Start Engine and Remote KeylessEntry Antennas1.7.3 Tire pressure sensors1.7.4 Electronic Toll Collection Systems161. 8 Thin Film1.9 Digital audio broadcasting design1.10 Automotive Radar Antenna systems20111 Antenna Packaging Issues………………………1.12 Summary…………………22Refe232. Basic antenna parameters and definitions272.1 Introduction∴272.2 Far Zone and radiation Pattern.272.3 Polarization and radiation pattern measurements∴292.5 mpedance, Voltage Standing Wave Ratio, Bandwidth o2.4 Directivity, Gain, Average Gain, and Antenna Beamwidth31and Quality Factor……342.6 Impedance Matching Between Antenna and Car receiver...362.7 Electrically Small Antennas36o 2010 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLCK10225 indb 52/10/109:45:44AMContents2.8 Radio Frequency Cables and connectors372.9 Notes on Decibels392.10 Converting Field Strength to PowerReferences∴413. Active and Diversity Receiving Antenna Systems3.1 Introduction433. 2 Signal and Noise Analysis of Active Antenna3.2.1 Signal-to-Noise Ratio443.2.2 Antenna noise temperature473.3 Low Noise Amplifier Parameters·垂483.3.1 Introduction3.3.2 S Parameters3.3.3 Stability analysis..............................493.3.4 Amplifier gain493.3.5 Matching for Maximum Amplifier gain513.3.6 Noise Matching design……….523.3.7 Output Gain Matching for Noise Matched LNA3.3.8 Low Noise Amplifier Distortion Parameters......533.3.9 Measurement Set-Up to Estimate Third-OrderIntermodulation distortions543.4 Active Antenna gain553.5 Low noise amplifiers for electrically small Antennas.....563.6 Diversity Techniques56References4. Audio Broadcasting Antennas4.1AM/ FM Whip antenna…634.2 Printed-on-Glass AM/ FM Antennas.644.2.1 Introduction644.2.1.1 Rear glass systems4.2.1.2 Side glass systems.............654213 Front( Windshield) Systems……654.2.1.4 Diversity Window Antennas654.2.2 Passive Windshield Antennas.664.2.21 FM Frequency Range……4.2.2.2 AM Frequency range694.2.3 Simulation Results4.2.4 Side Glass Antenna Pattern Example4. 2.5 Amplifier Circuit for AM/ FM Antenna System4.2.6 Amplifier with High Input Impedance4.3 Short Roof AM/FM Antenna.844.3.1 Helix Antenna Radiation Modes844.3.2 Helix Antenna for FM frequency Band864.4 Short Meander antenna87o 2010 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLCK10225 indb 62/10/109:45:45AMContents4.5 Diversity FM antennas4.5.1 Two Antenna diversity elements4.5.2 Single reconfigurable Antenna element for spaceDiversity Applications………4.5.3 Correlation Signal Analysis for Car Roof SpacedAntennas4.6 Antennas for Digital Audio Broadcasting……………46,1 L Band Antenna geometry……………2334.6.2 Radiation pattern measurements for L bandAntenna4.6.3 Antennas for Band IllReferences1035. Cellular antennas .....................................................................................1075.1ingle band monopole on roof1075.2 Glass Mounted monopole.1135.3 Dual-Band monopole1144 Helix541 Single Band Simulation results…………5.4.2 Dual-Band helix5.5 Compact Printed Circuit Board Antennas1205.5. 1 Single Band meander Line design1205.5.2 Dual-Band combined design1235.53 Tri-Band Design……1245.5.4 CPW-Fed Multiband Design..1245.5.5 Planar Inverted f antenna.……………1285.5.6 Hidden Printed Dipole1315.5.7 Printed-on-Glass design…1315.5.8 Antenova series1315.6 Dual-Band Inverted F Design1345.7RearⅤ iew mirror mount.……….……5.8 Bumper Installation1375.9 Combined FM/PCS Design1385.10 Integrated AM/FM/AMPS/PCS Design1405.1 Integrated PCS/ RKE Design………1405.12 Cellular diversity systems1425.12.1 Spatial, polarization and pattern diversity ...................1425.12.2 Monopoles for Diversity Reception1455.12.3 Switched Parasitic Elements for Diversity Design...146References,音垂1486 TV Antennas for Cars1516.1 Satellite TV Antennas1516.1.1 Satellite TV System Requirements1516.1.2 Ridged Waveguide Antenna array152o 2010 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLCK10225 indb 72/10/109:45:45AMContents6.1.3 Electronic Beam-Controlled Phase array........1536.1. 4 G/T Estimation…………156.2 Antennas for Digital Terrestrial TV1576.2.1 Introduction.1576.2.2 H-Shaped glass configuration1586.2.3 Simple Meander Window Glass Design1646.3 Printed-on-Glass Patent examples1666.4 Bumper Diversity System∴1696.5 Compact Mast Monopol171References.1727 Satellite Radio antennas7.1 Basic pasR1757.1.1 Parameters for Sirius service(2320 to 2332.5 MHz)...1757.1.2 Parameters for XM Service(2332.5 to 2345 MHz)7.2 System With Two Antenna elements1757.3 System With Single Patch Antenna element177. 4 Simplified Engineering Formulas for Rectangular PassivePatch parameters1787.4.1 Geometry Dimensions for Linear polarization .............1787.4.2 Circular polarization geometry1797.4.3 Performances of passive Antenna elements....... 1817.4.4 Circular Polarization Design Guidelines1827.5 Simulated Example of sDars Patch1837.6 Commercially available Passive elements.1857.7 Vertical Polarization gain of patch antenna at horizonAngle direction1867. 8 Ground size Effects1877.9 On-Vehicle antenna location……1897.10 Compact Dual-polarized antenna1917. 11 Low Profile Cross Slot Antenna for SDARS Application ..........1967.12 Glass mount System1977. 13 XM Truck antenna1997.14 Active design.………1997. 14.1 Antenna Amplifier requirements............1997. 14.2 Amplifier Simulation results2027. 15 Commercially available Modules2037.16 SDARS Parameter measurements2047. 16.1 Gain and radiation Pattern measurementsin anechoic chamber2047. 16.2 Gain and radiation pattern measurementsof Antenna mounted on car2057.16.3 SDARS Antenna noise Temperature2067.17 Diversity circuits207References210o 2010 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLCK10225 indb 82/10/109:45:45AMContents8 GPS Antennas∴2138.1 Typical GPS Antenna Parameters……………………2138.2 Patch parameters and ground plane size2148.3 On-Vehicle gPs Antenna measurements…2168.4 Circular Annular Ring Microstrip Antenna2188.5 Dual-Band GPS antenna2208.6 Tri-Band applications2248.7 Amplifier Circuit for Active design2268.8 Combined gPs and Cellular phone systems2278.8.1 Typical antenna system8.8.2 Isolation of collocated Cellular and gPs antennas.. 2288.8.3 Gain Measurements of Passive Cell/gps elements..229884 Active Antenna and Filter Topology………2328.9 Combined GPS and Sdars Antenna System..........2338.9.1 Stacked Patch Design2338.9.2 Two Antennas in One package2378.10 Microstrip Antenna for GPS and dCs applications…………2388.11 Integrated GPS/PCS/RKES System8.12 Car Location Options2428.13 Diversity Antennas for GPS Applications………..….245References2479 Antennas for Short Range Communication……….…………..2499.1 Introduction2499.2 Compact Planar passive antenna2519.2.1 Geometries2519.2.2 Simulation results25292.21 Impedance, Efficiency, and Directivity………2529222 Parameters for Matching Circuits……………2529.3 Symmetrical and asymmetrical 315 MHz Meander linePrinted on dielectric board.2549.3.1 Introduction254932 Antenna geometry………2569.3.3 Numerical results.2569.3.4 Measurement results……12609.4 Considerations for Small Antennas2629.5 Active Meander Line Antenna Implementation for 315 MHz.2649.5.1 Antenna and Amplifier parameters2649.5.2 Meander Line antenna in plastic Case2679.5.3 On-Vehicle radiation Pattern measurements......2679.6 Example of 433.9 MHz Antenna2729.7 Alternative Antenna Systems for Short RangeCommunication2739.7.1 Splitter Antenna for 315 MHz Frequency Band9.7.2 Combined Roof AM/FM/ RKE Systemo 2010 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLCK10225 indb 92/10/109:45:46AM