The Image Processing Handbook Sixth Edition

The Image Processing Handbook Sixth Edition ---John C. Russ英文，高清，第六版TheMAGEPROCESSINGHandbookSixth editionJohn C riUSSNorth Carolina State UniversityMaterials Science and engineering departmentRaleigh, North CarolinaCRC) CRC PressBoca raton London new yorkCRC Press is an imprint of theTaylor Francis Group, an informa businessCRC PressTaylor& Francis Group6000 Broken Sound Parkway nw, Suite 300Boca raton fl 33487-2742o 2011 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLCCRC Press is an imprint of Taylor Francis Group, an Informa businessNo claim to original U.S. Government worksPrinted in the United States of America on acid-free paper10987654321International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4398-4063-4(Ebook-PDFThis book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable efforts have beenmade to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. 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CCC is a not-for-profit organization that provides licenses and registration for a variety of users. Fororganizations that have been granted a photocopy license by the CCC, a separate system of payment has been arrangedTrademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only foridentification and explanation without intent to infringeVisit the Taylor francis Web site athttp://www.taylorandfrancis.comand the crc press Web site athttp://www.crcpress.comContentsAcknowledgmentsxproductio。n。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。xiiAuthor。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。Xvi1 Acquiring ImagesHuman reliance on images for informationVideo camerasCCD camerasCamera artifacts and limitations73Color cameras75Camera resolutionFocUsing..20Electronics and bandwidth limitations ...............21Pixels24Gray scale resolution..........26noise28High depth images30Color imaging………….34Digital camera limitations42Color spaces42Color correction52Color displays54magees56Range imaging58Multiple images4Stereoscopy…69Imaging requirements.......o 2011 by Taylor Francis Group, LLC2 Human vision。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。85What we see and why85Recognition88echnical specs.....92Acuity97What the eye tells the brain70Spatial comparisons03Local to global hierarchies707It's about time713The third dimension718How versus what727Seeing what isn t there, and vice versa...... 122Image compression..................125A world of light126Size matters129Shape/whatever that means∴132Context733Arrangements must be made735Seeing is believing…737So in conclusion, .............. 1393 Printing and Storage。。141Printin147Dots on paper.1745Color printin1750Printing hardware156Film recorders761Other presentation tools162File sto763Sorage media764Magnetic recording................ 166Databases for images….1767Browsing and thumbnails... 174Lossless coding178Reeduced color palettes183JPEG compression......................184Wavelet compression187Fractal compression192Digital movies1944 Correcting Imaging Defects。199Contrast expansion....................200Noisy images205Neighborhood averaging........ 208Neighborhood ranking214Other neighborhood noise reduction methods..226〔 ontentso 2011 by Taylor Francis Group, LLCDefect removal, maximum entropy, andmaximum likelihood232Nonuniform illumination∴235Fitting a background function……238Rank leveling244Color images248Non-planar views…………250Computer graphics............252Geometric distortion254Alignment256Interpolation262655 Image Enhancement in the SpatialDomain。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。,。。269Contrast manipulation. ...........................270Histogram equalization . .......274ocal equalization279placid283Derivatives. ....................................................293Findingedges with gradients……9re eage derectors306Texture312Fractal analysis…317mplementation notes…………3179Image math319Subtracting images320Multiplication and division...........323Principal components analysis……325Other image combinations3316 Processing Images in FrequencySpace。。。。。。。。。。。337About frequency space∴37The fourier transform ......................338Fourier transforms of simple functions......341Frequencies and orientations345Preferred orientation350Texture and fractals................351slating periodic noise………………156Selective masks and filters36Selection of periodic information364Convolution370Deconvolution372noise and wiener deconvolution .Template matching and correlation385autocorrelation391〔 ontentsⅶio 2011 by Taylor Francis Group, LLC7 Segmentation and Thresholding.. 395Thresholding395Automatic settings398Multiband images403Two-dimensional thresholds405Multiband thresholding408Thresholding from texture417Multiple thresholding criteria ............. 414Textural orientation415Region boundaries.419Conditional histograms426Boundary lines427Contours430Image representation.432Other segmentation methods. ..........................436The general classification problem4408 Processing Binary Images。443Boolean operations443Combining Boolean operations446Mask450From pixels to features452Boolean logic with features............... 457Selecting features by location………6Double thresholding…466Erosion and dilation468pening and closing471Isotrol473Measurements using erosion and dilation.....478Extension to gray scale images487Morphology neighborhood parameters...482Examples of use.484Euclidean distance map488Watershed segmentation497Ultimate eroded points494Skeletons.498Boundary lines and thickening……….1503Combining skeleton and EDM5069 Global Image Measurements。。。。511Global measurements and stereology ...............517urface area516ASTM Grain size∴52Multiple types of surfaces523Length525Thickness527Sampling strategies……530vii Contentso 2011 by Taylor Francis Group, LLCDetermining number.......532Curvature, connectivity, and the Disector...........535Anisotropy and gradients538Size distrib542Classical stereology (unfolding)∴54310 Feature-Specific Measurements .. 547Brightness measurements..............547Determining location556rientation ......................... 559Neighbor relationships∴562Alignment.….567nting574Special counting procedures.579Feature size584Circles and ellipses…587Calip589Perimeter59211 Characterizing Shape ...... 597Describing shegape597Dimensionless ratios599fractal dimension.…604Harmonic analysis610Topology.........620Three dimensions62312 Feature Recognition andClassification。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。.627Template matching and cross-correlation628Parametric description637Decision points.635Multidimensional classification639earning systems……646kNN and cluster analysis……………….52Expert systems......................655Neural nets657Syntactical models... 65913 Tomographic Imaging......661More than two dimensions∴667Volume imaging vs sections664Basics of reconstruction .Algebraic reconstruction methods....676Maximum entropy…679Defects in reconstructed images687〔 ontents ixo 2011 by Taylor Francis Group, LLC