Computational Fluid Dynamics Principles and Applications

学习计算流体力学必备图书，讲的很细致，最常用的理论都是在这里面ElsevierInternetHomepagewww.elsevier.comConsult the Elsevier homepage for full catalogue information on all books, major reference works, journals, electronic products and servicesElsevier titles of related interestBathe: Computational Fluid and solid Mechanics 20032003: iSBN 0-08-044046-0(also available on CD-ROMBathe: Computational Fluid and solid Mechanics 20052005: ISBN0-08-044476-8(also available on CD-ROmCebeci: Analysis of Turbulent Flows2004:ISBN0-08-044350-8Katsikadelis: Boundary Elements: Theory and Applications2002:ISBN0-08-044107-6Liu quek The Finite Element Method A Practical Course2003:ISBN0-7506-5866-5Zienkiewicz et al. The finite element method. 6th edition2005 ISBN 0-7506-6431-2(in three volumes, also available separately)Related JournalsElsevier publishes a wide-ranging portfolio of high quality research journals, encompassing all aspects of computational engineering. 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Should you have a publishing proposal you wish to discuss, pleasc contact, without obligation, the publisherresponsible for Elseviers Computational Engineering programmeKeith LambeMaterials Science and EngineeringElsevier ltdThe boulevard, Langford laneTe上:+4418658434l1KidlingtonFaOX5 IGB. UKmailk.lambert(@elsevier.comGeneral enquiries, including placing orders, should be directed to Elsevier's Regional Sales offices-please access the Elsevier homepagesee above)for full contact detailsComputational Fluid Dynamics:Principles and applicationsSecond editionJ. BlazekCFD Consulting and AnalysisSt Augustin, germany2005ELSEVIERAmsterdam Boston Heidelberg. London. New YorkOxford. Paris. San Diego San Francisco Singapore Sydney TokyoElsevierThe Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB, UKRadarweg 29, PO Box 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, The NetherlandsFirst edition 2005Reprinted 2007Copyright C 2005, J Blazek. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reservedThe right of J. blazek to be identified as the author of this work has beenAsSerted in accordance with the copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval systemor transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopyingrecording or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisherPermissions may be sought directly from Elsevier's Science& Technology RightsDepartment in Oxford, UK: phone (+44)(0)1865 843830; fax(+44)(0)1865 853333email:permissions(@elsevier.com.Alternativelyyoucansubmityourrequestonlinebyvisitingtheelsevierwebsiteathttp:elseviercom/locate/permissions,andselectingObtaining permission to use Elsevier materialNoticeNo responsibility is assumed by the publisher for any injury and/or damage to personsor property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any useor operation of any methods, products, instructions or ideas contained in the materialherein. Because of rapid advances in the medical sciences, in particular, independentverification of diagnoses and drug dosages should be madeBritish Library Cataloguing in Publication DataA catalogue record for this book is available from the british LibraryLibrary of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication DataA catalog record for this book is available from the Library of CongressISBN-13:978-0-08-044506-9ISBN-10:0-08-044506-3For information on all elsevier publicationsvisit our website at books. elsevier. comPrinted and bound in great Britain070809101098765432Working together to growlibraries in developing countrieswww.elsevier.comiwww.bookaid.orgIwww.sabre.orgELSEVIERBOOK AIDlleriittionafbr∈ Foune!tionContentsAcknowledgementsList of SymbolsabbreviationsXIX1 Introduction2 Governing Equations2. 1 The Flow and its Mathematical Description52.2 Conservation laws2.2.1 The Continuity Equation2.2.2 The Momentum Equation2.2.3 The Energy Equation102.3Ⅴ iscous stresses2.4 Complete System of the navier-Stokes equations162.4.1 Formulation for a perfect gas182.4.2 Formulation for a Real gas2.4.3 Simplifications to the Navier-Stokes equations22Bibliography263 Principles of Solution of the Governing Equations293.1 Spatial Discretisation323.1.1 Finite Difference Method363.1.2 Finite volume method373.1.3 Finite element method393.1.4 Other Discretisation Methods403.1.5 Central and upwind Schemes413.2 Temporal Discretisation453.2. 1 Explicit Schemes463.2.2 Implicit Schemes493.3 Turbmodelling3.4 Initial and Boundary Conditions56Bibliograph584 Structured Finite Volume Schemes774.1 Geometrical Quantities of a Control volume4. 1. 1 Two-Dimensional Case814.1.2 Three-Dimensional case824.2 General Discretisation Methodologies854.2.1 Cell-Centred Scheme854. 2.2 Cell-Vertex Scheme: Overlapping Control Volumes874.2.3 Cell-Vertex Scheme: Dual Control Volumes.904.2.4 Cell-Centred versus Cell-Vertex Schemes934.3 Discretisation of the Convective fluxes4.3.1 Central Scheme with Artificial Dissipation4.3.2 Flux-Vector Splitting Schemes1004.3. 3 Flux-Difference Splitting Schemes1084.3.4 Total variation Diminishing Schemes1114.3.5 Limiter Functions44 Discretisation of the Viscous Fluxes··1121184.4.1 Cell-Centred Scheme1204.4.2 Cell-Vertex Scheme121Bibliography1225 Unstructured Finite Volume Schemes1315.1 Geometrical Quantities of a Control Volume,,,1365.1.1 TwO-Dimensional Case1365.1.2 Three-Dimensional Case1385.2 General Discretisation Methodologies1415.2.1 Cell-Centred scheme,,,,1425.2.2 Median-Dual Cell-Vertex Scheme1455.2.3 Cell-Centred versus Median-Dual Scheme1495.3 Discretisation of the Convective Fluxes1535.3. 1 Central Schemes with Artificial Dissipation1535.3.2 Upwind Schemes1575.3.3 Solution Reconstruction..,,,1575.3. 4 Evaluation of the gradients1635.3.5 Limiter Functions1685.4 Discretisation of the viscous fluxes1725.4.1 Element-Based Gradients1725.4.2 Average of gradients,,,174Bibliography1776 Temporal Discretisation1836.1 Explicit Time-Stepping Schemes1846.1.1 Multistage Schemes(Runge-Kutta1846. 1.2 Hybrid Multistage Schemes1866.1.3 Treatment of the source term1876.1.4 Determination of the Maximum Time Step1886.2 Implicit Time-Stepping Scheme1926.2.1 Matrix Form of the Implicit Operator1936.2.2 Evaluation of the Flux jacobian1976.2.3 ADI Scheme2016.2.4 LU-SGS Scheme2046.2.5 Newton-Krylov Method2106.3 Methodologies for Unsteady Flows2146.3.1 Dual Time-Stepping for Explicit Multistage Schemes2156.3.2 Dual Time-Stepping for lmplicit Scher217Bibliography2187 Turbulence Modelling2277.1 Basic Equations of Turbulence.2307. 1.1 Reynolds Averaging2317.1.2 Favre(Mass) Averaging2327. 1.3 Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes Equations2337. 1.4 Favre- and Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes Equations. 2347.1.5 Eddy-Viscosity Hypothesis2357. 1.6 Non-Linear Eddy viscosity2377.1.7 Reynolds-Stress Transport equation2387. 2 First-Order Closures2407. 2. 1 Spalart-Almaras One-Equation Model2407.2.2 K-E Two-Equation Model..,2437.2.3 SST Two-Equation Model of Menter2477. 3 Large-eddy simulation.2507.3.1 Spatial Filtering2517.3.2 Filtered Governing Equations2527.3.3 Subgrid-Scale modelling2547.3.4 Wall Models577.3.5 Detached Eddy simulation258Bibliography2598 Boundary conditions2718.1 Concept of Dummy Cells2728.2 Solid wall2748.2.1 Inviscid flow2748.2.2 Viscous Flow2798.3 Farfield2818.3.1 Concept of Characteristic Variables2818.3.2 Modifications for Lifting Bodies2838.4 Inlet/Outlet Boundary2878.5 Injection Boundary.2898.6 Symmetry Plane2908.7C8.8 Periodic boundaries.2928. 9 Interface between Grid blocks8.10 Flow Gradients at Boundaries of Unstructured grids295Bibliography2999 Acceleration Techniques3039. 1 Local Time-Stepping3049.2 Enthalpy Damping3059. 3 Residual Smoothing3069.3.1 Central iRs on Structured grids3069.3.2 Central Irs on unstructured grids3099.3.3 Upwind Irs on Structured grids3099.4 multigrid9.4.1 Basic Multigrid Cycle3139.4.2 Multigrid strategies3159.4.3 Implementation on Structured grids3169.4.4 Implementation on Unstructured grids3229.5 Preconditioning for Low Mach Numbers,,3279.5.1 Derivation of Preconditioned equations3289.5.2 Implementation,3309.5.3 Form of the matrices331Bibliography34210 Consistency, Accuracy and Stability35110.1 Consistency Requirements35210.2 Accuracy of Discretisation35310.3 Von Neumann Stability Analysis35410.3.1 Fourier Symbol and Amplification Factor35410.3.2 Convection Model equation35510.3.3 Convection-Diffusion Model Equation35610.3.4 Explicit Time-Stepping35710.3.5 Implicit Time-Stepping,3630.3. 6 Derivation of the CFl Condition367Bibliography37011 Principles of Grid Generation37311.1 Structured Grids37611.1.1 C, H-, and O-Grid Topology37711.1.2 Algebraic Grid Generation11. 1.3 Elliptic grid generation3831.1.4 Hyperbolic Grid generation38511.2 Unstructured grids38811.2. 1 Delaunay Triangulation38911.2.2 Advancing-Front Method39411.2.3 Generation of Anisotropic Grids39511.2.4 Mixed-Element /Hybrid grids40011.2.5 Assessment and Improvement of grid Quality402Bibliography40512 Description of the Source Codes41512.1 Programs for Stability Analysis41712.2 Structured 1-D Grid generator41712.3 Structured 2-D Grid Generators41812.4 Structured to Unstructured Grid Converter41912.5 Quasi 1-D Euler Solver41912.6 Structured 2-D Euler/Navier-Stokes Solver42012.7 Unstructured 2-D Euler/Navier-Stokes Solver42112.8 Visualisation Tool.423Bibliography423A Appendix427A1 Governing Equations in Differential Form.427A2 Quasilinear Form of the Euler equations433A 3 Mathematical Character of the Governing equations434A. 3. 1 Hyperbolic Equations434A 3.2 Parabolic equations436A.3.3 Elliptic equations436A 4 Navier-Stokes Equations in Rotating Frame of Reference438A.5 Navier-Stokes Equations Formulated for Moving Grids441A 6 Thin Shear Layer Approximation445A7 Parabolised Navier-Stokes equationsA 8 Axisymmetric Form of the Navier-Stokes Equations448A 9 Convective flux jacobian450A.10Ⅴ iscous fluⅹ Jacobian452A 11 Transformation from Conservative to Characteristic Variables .. 455A 12 GMRES Algorithm,458A 13 Tensor notation462Bibliography463Index465