Digital Communication Receivers

Digital Communication Receivers Synchronization, Channel Estimation, and Signal Processing Digital Communication Receivers offers a complete treatment on the theoretical and practical aspects of synchronization and channel estimation from the standpoint of digital signal processing. The focus on theDigital CommunicationReceiversSynchronization, Channel Estimation,And Signal ProcessingHeinrich meyrMarc MoeneclaeyStefan A. FechteA Wiley-Interscience PublicationJOHN WILEY SONS INCNew york· Chichester· Weinheim· Brisbane· Singapore● TorontoCopyright o 1998 by John Wiley sons, Inc. All rights reservedNo part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted inany form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including uploading downloadingprinting, decompiling, recording or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 ofthe 1976 United States Copyright Act, without the prior written permission of the PublisherRequests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department,John Wiley sons, Inc, 605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10158-0012,(212)850-601l, fax(212)850-6008, F-mail: PermrEqqwIlfy.ComThis publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to thesubject matter covered. It is sold with the understanding that the publisher is not engaged inrendering professional services. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, thescrviccs of a competent professional pcrson should be sought.ISBN0-47120057-3This title is also available in print as ISBN 0-471-50275-8FormoreinformationaboutWileyproductsvisitourwebsiteatwww.wiley.comLibrary of Congress Cataloging in Publication DataDigital communication receivers: synchronizaTion, chaunelestimation and signal processing /Heinrich Meyr, Marc Moeneclaey,p cm -(Wiley series in telecommunications andprocessingIncludes bibliographical referencesIsBN 0-471-50275-8(alk. papcrL. Digital communications. 2. Radio- Receivers and reception3. Signal Proccssing Digitial techniques. I. Mocncclacy, MarcII. Fechter、 Stefan A.Ⅲ. Title.TV. SeriesTK5103.7.M4861997621382-dc2197-17108PPrinted in the united states of america109876543To Nicole, Claudia, and Tarekand to Mieke, Sylvia, and BartContentsefaceXIXAcknowledgmentsAbout the AuthorsXVPART A IntroductionIntroduction and PreviewPART B Basic MaterialChapter 1 Basic Material1.1 Stationary and Cyclostationary Processes1.1.1 Continuous-Time Stationary Processes1.1.2 Continuous-Time CyclostationaryProcesses121.1.3 Discrete-Time Stationary Processes161.1. 4 Examples181.1.5 Main points24Bibliography251.2 Complex Envelope Representation251.2.1 Complex Envelope of DeterministicSignals261.2.2 Complex Envelope of RandomProcesses351.2.3 Example431.2. 4 Main Points45Bibliography461.3 Band-Limited Signals461.3.1 Correlation Function and PowerSDectrln461.3.2 Sampling Theorem481.3.3 Sampling of Bandpass Signals481.3.4 Main Points53Bibliography541.4 Fundamentals of Estimation Theory541.4.1 Bounds on Estimation Errors54Bibliography58vIllCONTENTSPART C Baseband CommunicationsChapter 2 Baseband Communications612.1 Introduction to Digital BasebandCommunication612.1.1 The baseband pam communicationSystem612.1.2 The Nyquist Criterion for Eliminating ISI 6521.3凵ine Coding702.1.4 Main points722.1.5 Bibliographical NotesBibliography782.2 Clock Synchronizers2.2.1 Introduction792.2.2 Categorization of Clock Synchronizers802.2.3 Examples822.2. 4 Disturbance in Clock Synchronizers882.3 Error-Tracking synchronizers892.3.1 The General Structure of Error-TrackingSynchronizers892.3.2 Open-Loop Statistics of the TimingError Detector Output Signal2. 3.3 The equivalent model and Itsplications942.3. 4 The Linearized equivalent model972.3.5 The Linearized Timing Error Variance992.3.6 Discrete-Time Hybrid Synchronizers1042.3.7 Simulation of Error-TrackingSynchronizers1082.3.8 Main Points2.3.9 Bibliographical Notes1122.3.10 Appendix113Bibliography1172. 4 Spectral Line Generating Clock Synchronizers 1182.4.1 Nonlinearity Followed by a PLL withMultiplying Timing Error Detector182.4.2 Nonlinearity Followed by NarrowbandBandpass Filter1282. 4.3 Phase-Locked Loops versus BandpassFilters1332. 4.4Jitter Accumulation in a Repeater chain 1382.4.5 Simulation of Spectral Line GeneratingSynchronizers1422.4.6 Main Points1442.4.7 Bibliographical Notes146Bibliography147CONTENTS2.5 Examples1482.5.1 Example 1: The SquaringSynchronizer1482.5.2 Example 2: The Synchronizer withZero-Crossing Timing Error Detector(ZCTED)1752.5.3 Example 3: The Mueller and mullerSynchronizer196Bibliography206PART D Passband Communication over TimeInvariant ChannelsChapter 3 Passband Transmission2113.1 Transmission Methods2113.2 Channel and Transceiver Models2123.2.1 Linear Channel Model2123. 2.2 Nonlinear Channel Model2173. 3 Channel Capacity of Multilevel/Phase Signals 218Bibliography224Chapter 4 Receiver Structure for PAM Signals2254.1 Functional Block Diagram of a receiver forPAM Signal2254.1.1 Timing Recovery2294.1.2 Phase Recovery232Bibliography2344.2 Sufficient Statistics for Reception inGaussian Noise2344.2.1 Vector Space Representation ofSignals2354.2.2 Band- Limited signals2364.2.3 Equivalence Theorem2394.2.4 Sufficient Statistics2414.2.5 Main Points244Bibliography2464.3 Optimum ML Receivers2464.3.1 Receiver objectives and synchronizedDetection2464.3.2 Optimum ML Receiver for ConstantSynchronization Parameters2494.3.3 Digital Matched Filter2584.3 4 Main Points2674.3.5 Bibliographical Notes2684.3.6 Appendix268Bibliography270CONTENTSChapter 5 Synthesis of Synchronization Algorithms2715.1 Derivation of mL Synchronization algorithms2715.2 Estimator Structures for Slowly VaryingSynchronization Parameters2755.2.1 Time Scale Separation2755.2.2 Truncation and l Symbolspproximation of the LikelihoodAEstimators2775.2.3 Maximum Search Algorithm2805.2. 4 Error Feedback Systems2815.2.5 Main Points282Bibliography2835.3 NDA Timing Parameter Estimation2835.4 NDA Timing Parameter Estimation bySpectral Estimation289Bibliography2955.5 DA DD) Timing Parameter Estimators296Bibliography2985.6 Timing Error Feedback Systems at Higher ThanSymbol Rate2985.6.1 DD and Phase-Directed TimingRecovery2985.6.2 NDA Timing Recovery303Bibliography3045.7 Timing Error Feedback Systems at SymbolRate3045.7.1 Ad Hoc Performance Criteria3105.7.2 Main Points311Bibliography3115.8 DD&DE)Carrier Phasor Estimation and PhaseError Feedback3115.9 Phasor-Locked Loop(PHLL)313Bibliography3165.10 NDA Carrier Phasor Estimation and phaseError Feedback Systems for M-PSK3165.10.1 NDa Phasor Estimation for M-PSKSignals5.10.2 Nda Phase Error Feedback Systems 3175.10.3 Main Points321Bibliography3215. 11 Phase and Timing Recovery for NonlinearModulation schemes321Bibliograph322Chapter 6 Performance Analysis of Synchronizers3256.1 Bounds on Synchronization Parameter Errors 3256.2 Appendix: Fisher Information Matrix331CONTENTSBibliography3406.3 Tracking Performance of Carrier and SymbolSynchronizers3406.3.1 Introduction3406.3.2 Tracking Performance AnalysisMethods3416.3.3 Decision-Directed DD&De) CarrierSynchronization3476.3.4 Non-Decision-Aided CarrierSynchronization3496.3.5 Decision-Directed DD) symbolSynchronization3516.3.6 Non-Decision-Aided SymbolSynchronizer3556.3.7 Tracking Performance Comparison3586.3.8 Effect of Time-Varying SynchronizationParameters3696.3.9 Main Points3766.3. 10 BibliographIcal Notes3786.3.11 Appendix: Self-Noise Contribution toTiming Error Variance381Bibliography3836.4 Cycle Slipping3856.4.1 Introduction3856.4.2 Effect of Cycle Slips on SymbolDetection3856.4.3 Cycle Slips in FeedbackSynchronizers3876.4.4 Cycle slips in FeedforwardSynchronizers3916. 4. 5 Main Points3956.4.6 Bibliographical Notes3966.4.7 Appendix: Approximating aDiscrete-Time System by aContinuous-Time System397Bibliography3996.5 Acquisition of Carrier Phase andSymbol Timing4006.5.1 Introduction4006.5.2 Feedback Synchronizers4016.5. 3 Feedforward Synchronizers for ShortBurst Operation4076.5.4 Feedforward Synchronizers for LongBurst Operation and ContinuousOperation4106.5.5 Main Points416